CAR-T cells and cancer nanovaccines: Comparative insights into advances and translational challenges.

CAR-T cell therapy and cancer nanovaccines are emerging as powerful, potentially complementary immunotherapy strategies with distinct strengths and limitations across studies.

• Why it matters: Understanding their comparative mechanisms and challenges is crucial for overcoming barriers like solid tumor targeting, safety, scalability, and immune response durability, which limit broader clinical use.
• What they did: The review analyzes recent advances in both platforms, focusing on their underlying mechanisms, technological features, and efforts to improve therapeutic efficacy through preclinical and clinical studies.
• The result: This comparison highlights convergent and divergent features, providing strategic insights to guide future research, patient stratification, and the rational design of combination immunotherapies.