Advances in directed evolution: Mutagenesis, sensing, screening, and in silico innovation.

Mutagenesis, biosensing, high-throughput screening, and computational approaches collectively advance directed evolution for developing tailored biomolecules across various fields.

• Why it matters: Understanding and improving directed evolution techniques is crucial for accelerating the creation of functional biomolecules with specific properties, addressing bottlenecks in current methods.
• What they did: The review summarizes core principles and recent progress in mutagenesis engineering, biosensing, HTS, cell-free and display techniques, and computational strategies, analyzing their features and limitations.
• The result: These integrated technologies have the potential to transform the development of enzymes, antibodies, and other biomolecules, inspiring future innovations in industrial, clinical, and fundamental research.