Data-driven optimization of siderophore fermentation by Bacillus altitudinis AS19 and investigation of AS19's antifungal properties against Candida albicans.

Optimized fermentation of Bacillus altitudinis AS19 increased siderophore yield over twofold, enhancing its antifungal activity against Candida albicans.

• Why it matters: The rise of antifungal resistance in Candida albicans demands new treatment strategies; natural siderophores offer promising alternatives with targeted antimicrobial effects.
• What they did: Using response surface methodology and an artificial neural network-genetic algorithm, researchers optimized culture conditions for siderophore production, and employed molecular docking, LC-MS, and in vitro assays to investigate its antifungal mechanism.
• The result: The study confirmed potent antifungal activity of the siderophore extract, identified key compounds like Nocardamin Glucuronide, and laid a foundation for developing novel siderophore-based antifungal agents.