CD34(+) cell-derived endothelial cells orchestrate vascular and immune remodeling in the transplanted liver.

Recipient-derived CD34(+) endothelial cells peak at 2 weeks post-liver transplant and drive rejection via the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, promoting T cell activation and pyroptosis.

• Why it matters: Understanding the origin and role of endothelial cells after transplantation is crucial for developing targeted therapies to prevent rejection and improve graft survival.
• What they did: Using single-cell RNA sequencing, genetic lineage tracing, and in vitro models, the study identified the dual origin of ECs, characterized recipient CD34(+) ECs, and tested a platelet-based delivery system to block CXCL12.
• The result: Targeting EC-derived CXCL12 with platelet delivery reduced T-cell infiltration and mitigated rejection, offering a promising endothelial-centered immunosuppressive strategy for liver transplantation.